Objective To understand the current situation of the social adaptability of medical students, and analyze the influencing factors, so as to provide a reference for improving the social adaptability of medical students.Methods Stratified sampling method was used to select 1 388 undergraduate medical students in a medical school in Shandong Province, and a questionnaire was surveyed by the general data questionnaire and the social adaptation scale of college students.Results There were significant differences in the scores of social adaptation ability among medical students of different ages and grades, whether they had participated in community activities, whether they had served as class leaders, and how long they used mobile phones per day (P<0.05). The results of multiple linear regression showed that whether they had participated in club activities, whether they had served as class leaders, and the amount of time they used mobile phones every day were the main factors influencing the social adaptability of medical students (P<0.001).Conclusion The level of social adaptability of medical students is low, and colleges and universities can adopt strategies such as carrying out various school or club activities, rotating class cadres, increasing social practice activities, and reducing the time spent on mobile phones used by medical students to improve the social adaptability of medical students.