目的 探讨温州地区189例过敏性鼻炎患者过敏原分布情况并调查分析相关影响因素。方法 采用免疫印迹法检测过敏性鼻炎患者的过敏原特异性免疫球蛋白E抗体以及血清总免疫球蛋白E,并同期选择370例体检健康者为对照组,采用问卷调查模式调查分析过敏性鼻炎的相关影响因素,并与对照组比较。同时予以多因素logistic回归性分析。结果 189例患者均呈现血清总免疫球蛋白E阳性,过敏原分布情况以吸入性过敏原屋尘螨/户尘螨阳性率最高,占51.32%,其次为虾、蟹等食入性过敏原,占14.29%。17项影响因素中,哮喘病史、过敏史、吸烟、父母一方或均有过敏性鼻炎、流动人口、粉尘或者化学气体接触性职业、每日开窗通风以及经常打扫共8项与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);多因素logistic分析发现,过敏史、吸烟、哮喘史、父母一方或均有过敏性鼻炎、流动人口、粉尘或者化学气体接触性职业以及饲养宠物为过敏性鼻炎高危因素(P＜0.05);而每日开窗通风以及经常打扫、经常性锻炼是过敏性鼻炎的有效保护因素(P＜0.05)。结论 温州地区以屋尘、户尘螨为主要过敏原,主要危险因素为过敏史、哮喘史、饲养宠物、父母患过敏性鼻炎以及吸烟等,必须给予高度重视。

Objective To investigate the distribution of allergens in 189 patients with (allergic rhinitis, AR) in Wenzhou and to investigate the relevant influencing factors.Methods Immunoblotting was used to detect allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies and serum total IgE in AR patients, and at the same time, 370 healthy subjects were selected as the control group. The questionnaires were used to investigate the related factors of AR and compared with the control group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was also performed.Results All the 189 patients showed positive total serum IgE. The distribution of allergens was the highest in the inhaled allergens, house dust mites, accounting for 51.32%, followed by shrimp, crab and other food allergens, accounting for 14.29%. In 17 influencing factors, 8 factors including history of asthma, history of allergies, smoking, parental allergic rhinitis, floating population, dust or chemical gas contact occupations, daily window ventilation and frequent cleaning had statistically significant difference compared with the control group (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic analysis found that allergic history, smoking, history of asthma, parental allergic rhinitis, floating population, dust or chemical gas contact occupations and pets were AR high risk factors (P<0.05). Daily window ventilation, frequent cleaning and regular exercise were effective protective factors for AR (P<0.05).Conclusion In Wenzhou, house dust mites are the main allergens. The main risk factors are allergic history, history of asthma, pets, parents suffering from AR, and smoking.