Objective To analyze the characteristics of the disease spectrum of inpatients in Guangdong Province from 2017 to 2019, so as to provide a scientific basis for determining the priority of disease control, mastering the system sequence and changing trends.Methods Home page data of medical record of inpatients in Guangdong Province in the past three years were collected. Disease spectrum of inpatients were analyzed and compared according to the ICD-10.Results The number of inpatients was increasing year by year. Diseases of the respiratory system, diseases of the circulatory system, pregnancy childbirth and puerperium were always the top 3 system diseases and accounted for more than 40% of inpatients in the past three years. Respiratory diseases ranked from 2nd to 1st; circulatory system ranked from 3rd to 2nd; digestive system ranked from 5th to 4th; factors influencing health status and contact with health services ranked from 6th to 5th; genitourinary system ranked from 8th to 7th; nervous system ranked from 12th to 10th. Pregnancy childbirth and puerperium ranked from 1st to 3rd; injury and poisoning ranked from 4th to 6th; musculoskeletal system and connective tissue ranked from 7th to 8th. For male cases, nervous system ranked from 11th to 9th. For female cases, neoplasms ranked from 8th to7th; factors influencing health status and contact with health services ranked from 6th to 4th; musculoskeletal system and connective tissue ranked from 4th to 5th; genitourinary system ranked from 5th to 6th; digestive system ranked from 7th to 8th.Conclusion Diseases of the respiratory system, diseases of the circulatory system, pregnancy childbirth and puerperium are the main diseases that affect residents′ health, the rank of genitourinary system and nervous system has improved, and both two types are the current key diseases for prevention and control in Guangdong Province.