Objective To understand the distribution characteristics of disease spectrum of discharged patients in a hospital, so as to provide basis for the hospital to reasonably allocate resources and improve the quality of medical service and medical technology.Methods We extracted the information on the first page of medical records of discharged patients from 2015 to 2019 in the hospital information system, established an Excel database, and analyzed the sequence analysis and composition ratio of various distribution characteristics of the disease system.Results From 2015 to 2019, nine disease systems ranked in the top ten. The male to female ratio of discharged patients was 0.95∶〖KG-*2/3〗1. The average length of stay of discharged patients decreased year by year. The proportion of discharged patients in all age groups was the most in the 60 years old and above group, and showed an increasing trend year by year. The composition ratio of below 5-year-old group decreased year by year. The way of discharged patients leaving hospital was mainly under medical advice, and the trend was increasing year by year, while the way of nonmedical advice was decreasing. The top 4 causes of systemic diseases in discharged patients were tumor (40.56%), circulatory system diseases (29.96%), respiratory system diseases (7.27%), and injury and poisoning (6.79%).Conclusion According to the distribution characteristics of disease spectrum, the hospital can formulate diagnosis and treatment technologies for common and frequently occurring diseases of people of different genders and ages, and focus on strengthening the discipline construction of tumor, cardio cerebrovascular, pediatrics and respiratory related majors to meet the medical needs of radiation areas.